Make the herb butter.
In a small bowl, mix softened butter with garlic, salt, pepper, paprika, thyme, and rosemary. The mixture should be fragrant and creamy.
Season the chicken.
Gently lift the skin over the chicken breast and spread some of the herb butter directly underneath for extra moisture. Rub the remaining butter all over the skin.
Fill the cavity.
Stuff the inside of the chicken with lemon halves and onion pieces. This infuses the meat with warmth, sweetness, and aromatics.
Prepare the vegetables.
In a large bowl, toss potatoes and carrots with olive oil, salt, pepper, garlic powder, and thyme. Spread them in an even layer in a roasting pan.
Place the chicken on top.
Position the chicken breast-side up on a rack or directly over the vegetables. This allows the drippings to flavor and soften the veggies.
Roast the chicken.
Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C). Roast for 20 minutes to crisp the skin, then reduce heat to 375°F (190°C) and continue roasting for 55–65 minutes.
Check for doneness.
Insert a thermometer into the thickest part of the thigh; it should read 165°F (74°C). The juices should run clear, not pink.
Rest the chicken.
Transfer the chicken to a cutting board and let it rest for 10–15 minutes. This keeps the meat juicy and easy to carve.
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